Preguntas etiquetadas con normality-assumption

27
¿Pueden los grados de libertad ser un número no entero?

Cuando uso GAM, me da un DF residual de 26.626.626.6 (última línea en el código). Qué significa eso? Yendo más allá del ejemplo de GAM, en general, ¿puede el número de grados de libertad ser un número no entero? > library(gam) > summary(gam(mpg~lo(wt),data=mtcars)) Call: gam(formula = mpg ~...

r degrees-of-freedom gam machine-learning pca lasso probability self-study bootstrap expected-value regression machine-learning linear-model probability simulation random-generation machine-learning distributions svm libsvm classification pca multivariate-analysis feature-selection archaeology r regression dataset simulation r regression time-series forecasting predictive-models r mean sem lavaan machine-learning regularization regression conv-neural-network convolution classification deep-learning conv-neural-network regression categorical-data econometrics r confirmatory-factor scale-invariance self-study unbiased-estimator mse regression residuals sampling random-variable sample probability random-variable convergence r survival weibull references autocorrelation hypothesis-testing distributions correlation regression statistical-significance regression-coefficients univariate categorical-data chi-squared regression machine-learning multiple-regression categorical-data linear-model pca factor-analysis factor-rotation classification scikit-learn logistic p-value regression panel-data multilevel-analysis variance bootstrap bias probability r distributions interquartile time-series hypothesis-testing normal-distribution normality-assumption kurtosis arima panel-data stata clustered-standard-errors machine-learning optimization lasso multivariate-analysis ancova machine-learning cross-validation
21
¿Cómo proyectar un nuevo vector en el espacio PCA?

Después de realizar el análisis de componentes principales (PCA), quiero proyectar un nuevo vector en el espacio PCA (es decir, encontrar sus coordenadas en el sistema de coordenadas PCA). He calculado PCA en lenguaje R usando prcomp. Ahora debería poder multiplicar mi vector por la matriz de...

r pca r variance heteroscedasticity misspecification distributions time-series data-visualization modeling histogram kolmogorov-smirnov negative-binomial likelihood-ratio econometrics panel-data categorical-data scales survey distributions pdf histogram correlation algorithms r gpu parallel-computing approximation mean median references sample-size normality-assumption central-limit-theorem rule-of-thumb confidence-interval estimation mixed-model psychometrics random-effects-model hypothesis-testing sample-size dataset large-data regression standard-deviation variance approximation hypothesis-testing variance central-limit-theorem kernel-trick kernel-smoothing error sampling hypothesis-testing normality-assumption philosophical confidence-interval modeling model-selection experiment-design hypothesis-testing statistical-significance power asymptotics information-retrieval anova multiple-comparisons ancova classification clustering factor-analysis psychometrics r sampling expectation-maximization markov-process r data-visualization correlation regression statistical-significance degrees-of-freedom experiment-design r regression curve-fitting change-point loess machine-learning classification self-study monte-carlo markov-process references mathematical-statistics data-visualization python cart boosting regression classification robust cart survey binomial psychometrics likert psychology asymptotics multinomial
20
¿Cuáles son los valores correctos para precisión y recuperación en casos extremos?

La precisión se define como: p = true positives / (true positives + false positives) ¿Es cierto que, como true positivesy false positivesenfoque 0, la precisión se aproxima a 1? La misma pregunta para recordar: r = true positives / (true positives + false negatives) Actualmente estoy...

precision-recall data-visualization logarithm references r networks data-visualization standard-deviation probability binomial negative-binomial r categorical-data aggregation plyr survival python regression r t-test bayesian logistic data-transformation confidence-interval t-test interpretation distributions data-visualization pca genetics r finance maximum probability standard-deviation probability r information-theory references computational-statistics computing references engineering-statistics t-test hypothesis-testing independence definition r censoring negative-binomial poisson-distribution variance mixed-model correlation intraclass-correlation aggregation interpretation effect-size hypothesis-testing goodness-of-fit normality-assumption small-sample distributions regression normality-assumption t-test anova confidence-interval z-statistic finance hypothesis-testing mean model-selection information-geometry bayesian frequentist terminology type-i-and-ii-errors cross-validation smoothing splines data-transformation normality-assumption variance-stabilizing r spss stata python correlation logistic logit link-function regression predictor pca factor-analysis r bayesian maximum-likelihood mcmc conditional-probability statistical-significance chi-squared proportion estimation error shrinkage application steins-phenomenon