Preguntas etiquetadas con conditional-probability

11
R / mgcv: ¿Por qué los productos tensoriales te () y ti () producen superficies diferentes?

El mgcvpaquete Rtiene dos funciones para ajustar las interacciones del producto tensorial: te()y ti(). Entiendo la división básica del trabajo entre los dos (ajustar una interacción no lineal versus descomponer esta interacción en efectos principales y una interacción). Lo que no entiendo es por...

r gam mgcv conditional-probability mixed-model references bayesian estimation conditional-probability machine-learning optimization gradient-descent r hypothesis-testing wilcoxon-mann-whitney time-series bayesian inference change-point time-series anova repeated-measures statistical-significance bayesian contingency-tables regression prediction quantiles classification auc k-means scikit-learn regression spatial circular-statistics t-test effect-size cohens-d r cross-validation feature-selection caret machine-learning modeling python optimization frequentist correlation sample-size normalization group-differences heteroscedasticity independence generalized-least-squares lme4-nlme references mcmc metropolis-hastings optimization r logistic feature-selection separation clustering k-means normal-distribution gaussian-mixture kullback-leibler java spark-mllib data-visualization categorical-data barplot hypothesis-testing statistical-significance chi-squared type-i-and-ii-errors pca scikit-learn conditional-expectation statistical-significance meta-analysis intuition r time-series multivariate-analysis garch machine-learning classification data-mining missing-data cart regression cross-validation matrix-decomposition categorical-data repeated-measures chi-squared assumptions contingency-tables prediction binary-data trend test-for-trend matrix-inverse anova categorical-data regression-coefficients standard-error r distributions exponential interarrival-time copula log-likelihood time-series forecasting prediction-interval mean standard-error meta-analysis meta-regression network-meta-analysis systematic-review normal-distribution multiple-regression generalized-linear-model poisson-distribution poisson-regression r sas cohens-kappa
10
¿Se puede entrenar un modelo de P (Y | X) a través del descenso de gradiente estocástico a partir de muestras de P (X) sin iid y muestras de P (Y | X)?

Cuando se entrena un modelo parametrizado (por ejemplo, para maximizar la probabilidad) a través del descenso de gradiente estocástico en algún conjunto de datos, se supone comúnmente que las muestras de entrenamiento se extraen de la distribución de datos de entrenamiento. Entonces, si el objetivo...

machine-learning conditional-probability reinforcement-learning gradient-descent
10
Probar / refutar

Probar / refutar E [ 1 A | F t ] = 0 o 1 a.s. ⇒ E [ 1 A | F s ] = E [ 1 A | F t ] como     E[1A|Ft]=0 or 1 a.s. ⇒E[1A|Fs]=E[1A|Ft] a.s.E[1_A | \mathscr{F_t}] = 0 \ \text{or} \ 1 \ \text{a.s.} \ \Rightarrow E[1_A | \mathscr{F_{s}}] = E[1_A | \mathscr{F_t}] \ \text{a.s.} Dado un espacio de...

probability conditional-probability random-variable filter
9
¿Cómo comparar los eventos observados con los esperados?

Supongamos que tengo una muestra de frecuencias de 4 eventos posibles: Event1 - 5 E2 - 1 E3 - 0 E4 - 12 y tengo las probabilidades esperadas de que ocurran mis eventos: p1 - 0.2 p2 - 0.1 p3 - 0.1 p4 - 0.6 Con la suma de las frecuencias observadas de mis cuatro eventos (18) puedo calcular las...

r statistical-significance chi-squared multivariate-analysis exponential joint-distribution statistical-significance self-study standard-deviation probability normal-distribution spss interpretation assumptions cox-model reporting cox-model statistical-significance reliability method-comparison classification boosting ensemble adaboost confidence-interval cross-validation prediction prediction-interval regression machine-learning svm regularization regression sampling survey probit matlab feature-selection information-theory mutual-information time-series forecasting simulation classification boosting ensemble adaboost normal-distribution multivariate-analysis covariance gini clustering text-mining distance-functions information-retrieval similarities regression logistic stata group-differences r anova confidence-interval repeated-measures r logistic lme4-nlme inference fiducial kalman-filter classification discriminant-analysis linear-algebra computing statistical-significance time-series panel-data missing-data uncertainty probability multivariate-analysis r classification spss k-means discriminant-analysis poisson-distribution average r random-forest importance probability conditional-probability distributions standard-deviation time-series machine-learning online forecasting r pca dataset data-visualization bayes distributions mathematical-statistics degrees-of-freedom