Analizar JSON en TSQL

¿Es posible analizar JSONen TSQL?

No me refiero a crear una JSONcadena; más bien, quiero analizar una JSONcadena pasada como parameter.

Actualización: a partir de SQL Server 2016, ahora es posible analizar JSON en TSQL .

De forma nativa, no hay soporte. Tendrás que usar CLR. Es tan simple como eso, a menos que tenga una gran racha masoquista y quiera escribir un analizador JSON en SQL

Normalmente, la gente solicita la salida JSON de la base de datos y hay ejemplos en Internet. ¿Pero en una base de datos?

Parece que tengo una gran racha masoquista porque he escrito un analizador JSON. Convierte un documento JSON en una tabla de lista de adyacencia SQL, que es fácil de usar para actualizar sus tablas de datos. En realidad, lo hice peor, ya que hice código para hacer el proceso inverso, que es pasar de una tabla de jerarquía a una cadena JSON

El artículo y el código están aquí: Consumiendo cadenas Json en el servidor SQL .

Select * from parseJSON('{
  "Person":
  {
     "firstName": "John",
     "lastName": "Smith",
     "age": 25,
     "Address":
     {
        "streetAddress":"21 2nd Street",
        "city":"New York",
        "state":"NY",
        "postalCode":"10021"
     },
     "PhoneNumbers":
     {
        "home":"212 555-1234",
        "fax":"646 555-4567"
     }
  }
}
')

Llegar:

¡Finalmente SQL Server 2016 agregará soporte nativo JSON!

Árbitro:

Las capacidades adicionales en SQL Server 2016 incluyen:

• Mejoras de seguridad adicionales para la seguridad a nivel de fila y el enmascaramiento dinámico de datos para completar nuestras inversiones en seguridad con Always
  Encrypted.
• Mejoras en AlwaysOn para una disponibilidad más sólida y recuperación ante desastres con múltiples réplicas síncronas y
  equilibrio de carga secundario .
• Soporte JSON nativo para ofrecer un mejor rendimiento y soporte para sus muchos tipos de datos.
• Las herramientas de administración de información empresarial (EIM) de SQL Server y los servicios de análisis obtienen una actualización en rendimiento, usabilidad y escalabilidad.
• Copias de seguridad híbridas más rápidas, escenarios de alta disponibilidad y recuperación ante desastres para realizar copias de seguridad y restaurar sus bases de datos locales en Azure
  y colocar sus secundarios de SQL Server AlwaysOn en Azure.

Anuncio: http://blogs.technet.com/b/dataplatforminsider/archive/2015/05/04/sql-server-2016-public-preview-coming-this-summer.aspx

Publicación de blog de características: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jocapc/archive/2015/05/16/json-support-in-sql-server-2016.aspx

SQL Server 2016 admite el json dataanálisis mediante OPENJSON. Puede utilizar OPENJSONpara asignar json datafilas y columnas.

Tu json Data

[
 { "id" : 2,"name": "John"},
 { "id" : 5,"name": "John"}
]

Así es como puede manejar json en sql

//@pJson is json data passed from code.  

INSERT INTO YourTable (id, Name)
 SELECT id, name
 FROM OPENJSON(@pJson)
 WITH (id int,
       name nvarchar(max))

Aquí hay un artículo detallado que cubre este tema.

Desarrollé mi propio analizador JSON de SQL Server 2016+ hace un tiempo. Lo uso en todos mis proyectos: muy buen rendimiento. Espero que también pueda ayudar a alguien más.

Código completo de la función:

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[SmartParseJSON] (@json NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS @Parsed TABLE (Parent NVARCHAR(MAX),Path NVARCHAR(MAX),Level INT,Param NVARCHAR(4000),Type NVARCHAR(255),Value NVARCHAR(MAX),GenericPath NVARCHAR(MAX))
AS
BEGIN
    -- Author: Vitaly Borisov
    -- Create date: 2018-03-23
    ;WITH crData AS (
        SELECT CAST(NULL AS NVARCHAR(4000)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS [Parent]
            ,j.[Key] AS [Param],j.Value,j.Type
            ,j.[Key] AS [Path],0 AS [Level]
            ,j.[Key] AS [GenericPath]
        FROM OPENJSON(@json) j
        UNION ALL
        SELECT CAST(d.Path AS NVARCHAR(4000)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS [Parent]
            ,j.[Key] AS [Param],j.Value,j.Type 
            ,d.Path + CASE d.Type WHEN 5 THEN '.' WHEN 4 THEN '[' ELSE '' END + j.[Key] + CASE d.Type WHEN 4 THEN ']' ELSE '' END AS [Path]
            ,d.Level+1
            ,d.GenericPath + CASE d.Type WHEN 5 THEN '.' + j.[Key] ELSE '' END AS [GenericPath]
        FROM crData d 
        CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(d.Value) j
        WHERE ISJSON(d.Value) = 1
    )
    INSERT INTO @Parsed(Parent, Path, Level, Param, Type, Value, GenericPath)
    SELECT d.Parent,d.Path,d.Level,d.Param
        ,CASE d.Type 
            WHEN 1 THEN CASE WHEN TRY_CONVERT(UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,d.Value) IS NOT NULL THEN 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER' ELSE 'NVARCHAR(MAX)' END 
            WHEN 2 THEN 'INT' 
            WHEN 3 THEN 'BIT' 
            WHEN 4 THEN 'Array' 
            WHEN 5 THEN 'Object' 
                ELSE 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'
         END AS [Type]
        ,CASE 
            WHEN d.Type = 3 AND d.Value = 'true' THEN '1'
            WHEN d.Type = 3 AND d.Value = 'false' THEN '0'
                ELSE d.Value
         END AS [Value]
        ,d.GenericPath
    FROM crData d
    OPTION(MAXRECURSION 1000) /*Limit to 1000 levels deep*/
    ;
    RETURN;
END
GO

Ejemplo de uso:

DECLARE @json NVARCHAR(MAX) = '{"Objects":[{"SomeKeyID":1,"Value":3}],"SomeParam":"Lalala"}';
SELECT j.Parent, j.Path, j.Level, j.Param, j.Type, j.Value, j.GenericPath 
FROM dbo.SmartParseJSON(@json) j;

Ejemplo de uso multinivel:

DECLARE @json NVARCHAR(MAX) = '{"Objects":[{"SomeKeyID":1,"Value":3}],"SomeParam":"Lalala"}';
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #ParsedData;
SELECT j.Parent, j.Path, j.Level, j.Param, j.Type, j.Value, j.GenericPath 
INTO #ParsedData
FROM dbo.SmartParseJSON(@json) j;

SELECT COALESCE(p2.GenericPath,p.GenericPath) AS [GenericPath]
    ,COALESCE(p2.Param,p.Param) AS [Param]
    ,COALESCE(p2.Value,p.Value) AS [Value]
FROM #ParsedData p
LEFT JOIN #ParsedData p1 ON p1.Parent = p.Path AND p1.Level = 1
LEFT JOIN #ParsedData p2 ON p2.Parent = p1.Path AND p2.Level = 2
WHERE p.Level = 0
;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #ParsedData;

También tengo una gran racha masoquista ya que he escrito otro analizador JSON. Éste utiliza un enfoque procedimental. Utiliza una tabla de lista jerárquica SQL similar para almacenar los datos analizados. También en el paquete están:

• Proceso inverso: de la jerarquía a JSON
• Funciones de consulta: para obtener valores particulares de un objeto JSON

No dude en usarlo y divertirse con él.

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1000953/JSON-for-Sql-Server-Part

Ahora hay un soporte nativo en SQL Server (CTP3) para importar, exportar, consultar y validar JSON dentro de T-SQL Consulte https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn921897.aspx

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.parseJSON( @JSON NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS @hierarchy TABLE
  (
   element_id INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL, /* internal surrogate primary key gives the order of parsing and the list order */
   sequenceNo [int] NULL, /* the place in the sequence for the element */
   parent_ID INT,/* if the element has a parent then it is in this column. The document is the ultimate parent, so you can get the structure from recursing from the document */
   Object_ID INT,/* each list or object has an object id. This ties all elements to a parent. Lists are treated as objects here */
   NAME NVARCHAR(2000),/* the name of the object */
   StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,/*the string representation of the value of the element. */
   ValueType VARCHAR(10) NOT null /* the declared type of the value represented as a string in StringValue*/
  )
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE
    @FirstObject INT, --the index of the first open bracket found in the JSON string
    @OpenDelimiter INT,--the index of the next open bracket found in the JSON string
    @NextOpenDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent open bracket found in the JSON string
    @NextCloseDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent close bracket found in the JSON string
    @Type NVARCHAR(10),--whether it denotes an object or an array
    @NextCloseDelimiterChar CHAR(1),--either a '}' or a ']'
    @Contents NVARCHAR(MAX), --the unparsed contents of the bracketed expression
    @Start INT, --index of the start of the token that you are parsing
    @end INT,--index of the end of the token that you are parsing
    @param INT,--the parameter at the end of the next Object/Array token
    @EndOfName INT,--the index of the start of the parameter at end of Object/Array token
    @token NVARCHAR(200),--either a string or object
    @value NVARCHAR(MAX), -- the value as a string
    @SequenceNo int, -- the sequence number within a list
    @name NVARCHAR(200), --the name as a string
    @parent_ID INT,--the next parent ID to allocate
    @lenJSON INT,--the current length of the JSON String
    @characters NCHAR(36),--used to convert hex to decimal
    @result BIGINT,--the value of the hex symbol being parsed
    @index SMALLINT,--used for parsing the hex value
    @Escape INT --the index of the next escape character


  DECLARE @Strings TABLE /* in this temporary table we keep all strings, even the names of the elements, since they are 'escaped' in a different way, and may contain, unescaped, brackets denoting objects or lists. These are replaced in the JSON string by tokens representing the string */
    (
     String_ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1),
     StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX)
    )
  SELECT--initialise the characters to convert hex to ascii
    @characters='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
    @SequenceNo=0, --set the sequence no. to something sensible.
  /* firstly we process all strings. This is done because [{} and ] aren't escaped in strings, which complicates an iterative parse. */
    @parent_ID=0;
  WHILE 1=1 --forever until there is nothing more to do
    BEGIN
      SELECT
        @start=PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z]["]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin);--next delimited string
      IF @start=0 BREAK --no more so drop through the WHILE loop
      IF SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, 1)='"'
        BEGIN --Delimited Name
          SET @start=@Start+1;
          SET @end=PATINDEX('%[^\]["]%', RIGHT(@json, LEN(@json+'|')-@start) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin);
        END
      IF @end=0 --no end delimiter to last string
        BREAK --no more
      SELECT @token=SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, @end-1)
      --now put in the escaped control characters
      SELECT @token=REPLACE(@token, FROMString, TOString)
      FROM
        (SELECT
          '\"' AS FromString, '"' AS ToString
         UNION ALL SELECT '\\', '\'
         UNION ALL SELECT '\/', '/'
         UNION ALL SELECT '\b', CHAR(08)
         UNION ALL SELECT '\f', CHAR(12)
         UNION ALL SELECT '\n', CHAR(10)
         UNION ALL SELECT '\r', CHAR(13)
         UNION ALL SELECT '\t', CHAR(09)
        ) substitutions
      SELECT @result=0, @escape=1
  --Begin to take out any hex escape codes
      WHILE @escape>0
        BEGIN
          SELECT @index=0,
          --find the next hex escape sequence
          @escape=PATINDEX('%\x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
          IF @escape>0 --if there is one
            BEGIN
              WHILE @index<4 --there are always four digits to a \x sequence  
                BEGIN
                  SELECT --determine its value
                    @result=@result+POWER(16, @index)
                    *(CHARINDEX(SUBSTRING(@token, @escape+2+3-@index, 1),
                                @characters)-1), @index=@index+1 ;

                END
                -- and replace the hex sequence by its unicode value
              SELECT @token=STUFF(@token, @escape, 6, NCHAR(@result))
            END
        END
      --now store the string away
      INSERT INTO @Strings (StringValue) SELECT @token
      -- and replace the string with a token
      SELECT @JSON=STUFF(@json, @start, @end+1,
                    '@string'+CONVERT(NVARCHAR(5), @@identity))
    END
  -- all strings are now removed. Now we find the first leaf. 
  WHILE 1=1  --forever until there is nothing more to do
  BEGIN

  SELECT @parent_ID=@parent_ID+1
  --find the first object or list by looking for the open bracket
  SELECT @FirstObject=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object or array
  IF @FirstObject = 0 BREAK
  IF (SUBSTRING(@json, @FirstObject, 1)='{')
    SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object'
  ELSE
    SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array'
  SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@firstObject

  WHILE 1=1 --find the innermost object or list...
    BEGIN
      SELECT
        @lenJSON=LEN(@JSON+'|')-1
  --find the matching close-delimiter proceeding after the open-delimiter
      SELECT
        @NextCloseDelimiter=CHARINDEX(@NextCloseDelimiterChar, @json,
                                      @OpenDelimiter+1)
  --is there an intervening open-delimiter of either type
      SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%',
             RIGHT(@json, @lenJSON-@OpenDelimiter)collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object
      IF @NextOpenDelimiter=0
        BREAK
      SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter+@OpenDelimiter
      IF @NextCloseDelimiter<@NextOpenDelimiter
        BREAK
      IF SUBSTRING(@json, @NextOpenDelimiter, 1)='{'
        SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object'
      ELSE
        SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array'
      SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter
    END
  ---and parse out the list or name/value pairs
  SELECT
    @contents=SUBSTRING(@json, @OpenDelimiter+1,
                        @NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter-1)
  SELECT
    @JSON=STUFF(@json, @OpenDelimiter,
                @NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter+1,
                '@'+@type+CONVERT(NVARCHAR(5), @parent_ID))
  WHILE (PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin))<>0
    BEGIN
      IF @Type='Object' --it will be a 0-n list containing a string followed by a string, number,boolean, or null
        BEGIN
          SELECT
            @SequenceNo=0,@end=CHARINDEX(':', ' '+@contents)--if there is anything, it will be a string-based name.
          SELECT  @start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z@][@]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--AAAAAAAA
          SELECT @token=SUBSTRING(' '+@contents, @start+1, @End-@Start-1),
            @endofname=PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin),
            @param=RIGHT(@token, LEN(@token)-@endofname+1)
          SELECT
            @token=LEFT(@token, @endofname-1),
            @Contents=RIGHT(' '+@contents, LEN(' '+@contents+'|')-@end-1)
          SELECT  @name=stringvalue FROM @strings
            WHERE string_id=@param --fetch the name
        END
      ELSE
        SELECT @Name=null,@SequenceNo=@SequenceNo+1
      SELECT
        @end=CHARINDEX(',', @contents)-- a string-token, object-token, list-token, number,boolean, or null
      IF @end=0
        SELECT  @end=PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e][^A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @Contents+' ' collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
          +1
       SELECT
        @start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z0-9@+.e][A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)
      --select @start,@end, LEN(@contents+'|'), @contents 
      SELECT
        @Value=RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@contents, @start, @End-@Start)),
        @Contents=RIGHT(@contents+' ', LEN(@contents+'|')-@end)
      IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@object'
        INSERT INTO @hierarchy
          (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
          SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5),
            SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), 'object'
      ELSE
        IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 6)='@array'
          INSERT INTO @hierarchy
            (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
            SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5),
              SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), 'array'
        ELSE
          IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@string'
            INSERT INTO @hierarchy
              (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
              SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, stringvalue, 'string'
              FROM @strings
              WHERE string_id=SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5)
          ELSE
            IF @value IN ('true', 'false')
              INSERT INTO @hierarchy
                (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
                SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'boolean'
            ELSE
              IF @value='null'
                INSERT INTO @hierarchy
                  (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
                  SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'null'
              ELSE
                IF PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @value collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)>0
                  INSERT INTO @hierarchy
                    (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
                    SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'real'
                ELSE
                  INSERT INTO @hierarchy
                    (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType)
                    SELECT @name, @SequenceNo, @parent_ID, @value, 'int'
      if @Contents=' ' Select @SequenceNo=0
    END
  END
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (NAME, SequenceNo, parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType)
  SELECT '-',1, NULL, '', @parent_id-1, @type
--
   RETURN
END
GO

--- Pase JSON

Declare @pars varchar(MAX) = 
' {"shapes":[{"type":"polygon","geofenceName":"","geofenceDescription":"",
"geofenceCategory":"1","color":"#1E90FF","paths":[{"path":[{
"lat":"26.096254906968525","lon":"65.709228515625"}
,{"lat":"28.38173504322308","lon":"66.741943359375"}
,{"lat":"26.765230565697482","lon":"68.983154296875"}
,{"lat":"26.254009699865737","lon":"68.609619140625"}
,{"lat":"25.997549919572112","lon":"68.104248046875"}
,{"lat":"26.843677401113002","lon":"67.115478515625"}
,{"lat":"25.363882272740255","lon":"65.819091796875"}]}]}]}'
Select * from parseJSON(@pars) AS MyResult 

He visto un artículo bastante bueno sobre esto ... así que si te gusta esto:

CREATE PROC [dbo].[spUpdateMarks]
    @inputJSON VARCHAR(MAX)  -- '[{"ID":"1","C":"60","CPP":"60","CS":"60"}]'
AS
BEGIN
    -- Temp table to hold the parsed data
    DECLARE @TempTableVariable TABLE(
        element_id INT,
        sequenceNo INT,
        parent_ID INT,
        [Object_ID] INT,
        [NAME] NVARCHAR(2000),
        StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX),
        ValueType NVARCHAR(10)
    )
    -- Parse JSON string into a temp table
    INSERT INTO @TempTableVariable
    SELECT * FROM parseJSON(@inputJSON)
END

Intenta mirar aquí:

https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/consuming-json-strings-in-sql-server/

Hay un proyecto ASP.Net completo sobre esto aquí: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/788208/Update-Multiple-Rows-of-GridView-using-JSON-in-ASP