Escriba un programa de ensamblaje GOLF que, dado un entero sin signo de 64 bits en el registro, nponga un valor distinto de cero en el registro ssi nes un cuadrado, de lo contrario, 0en s.

Su binario GOLF (después del ensamblaje) debe caber en 4096 bytes.

Su programa se puntuará utilizando el siguiente programa Python3 (que debe colocarse dentro del directorio GOLF ):

import random, sys, assemble, golf, decimal

def is_square(n):
    nd = decimal.Decimal(n)
    with decimal.localcontext() as ctx:
        ctx.prec = n.bit_length() + 1
        i = int(nd.sqrt())
        return i*i == n

with open(sys.argv[1]) as in_file:
    binary, debug = assemble.assemble(in_file)

score = 0
random.seed(0)
for i in range(1000):
    cpu = golf.GolfCPU(binary)

    if random.randrange(16) == 0: n = random.randrange(2**32)**2
    else:                         n = random.randrange(2**64)

    cpu.regs["n"] = n
    cpu.run()
    if bool(cpu.regs["s"]) != is_square(n):
        raise RuntimeError("Incorrect result for: {}".format(n))
    score += cpu.cycle_count
    print("Score so far ({}/1000): {}".format(i+1, score))

print("Score: ", score)

Asegúrese de actualizar GOLF a la última versión con git pull. Ejecute el programa de puntuación usando python3 score.py your_source.golf.

Utiliza una semilla estática para generar un conjunto de números de los cuales aproximadamente 1/16 es cuadrado. La optimización hacia este conjunto de números está en contra del espíritu de la pregunta, puedo cambiar la semilla en cualquier momento. Su programa debe funcionar para cualquier número de entrada de 64 bits no negativo, no solo estos.

La puntuación más baja gana.

Como GOLF es muy nuevo, incluiré algunos consejos aquí. Debe leer la especificación GOLF con todas las instrucciones y los costos del ciclo . En el repositorio de Github se pueden encontrar programas de ejemplo.

Para pruebas manuales, compile su programa en un binario ejecutando python3 assemble.py your_source.golf. Luego ejecute su programa usando python3 golf.py -p s your_source.bin n=42, esto debería iniciar el programa con el nconjunto a 42, e imprime el registro sy el conteo de ciclos después de salir. Vea todos los valores de los contenidos del registro a la salida del programa con la -dbandera - use --helppara ver todas las banderas.

Puntuación: 22120 (3414 bytes)

Mi solución utiliza una tabla de búsqueda de 3kB para sembrar un solucionador de métodos de Newton que se ejecuta de cero a tres iteraciones dependiendo del tamaño del resultado.

    lookup_table = bytes(int((16*n)**0.5) for n in range(2**10, 2**12))

    # use orlp's mod-64 trick
    and b, n, 0b111111
    shl v, 0xc840c04048404040, b
    le q, v, 0
    jz not_square, q
    jz is_square, n

    # x will be a shifted copy of n used to index the lookup table.
    # We want it shifted (by a multiple of two) so that the two most 
    # significant bits are not both zero and no overflow occurs.
    # The size of n in bit *pairs* (minus 8) is stored in b.
    mov b, 24
    mov x, n 
    and c, x, 0xFFFFFFFF00000000
    jnz skip32, c
    shl x, x, 32
    sub b, b, 16
skip32:
    and c, x, 0xFFFF000000000000
    jnz skip16, c
    shl x, x, 16
    sub b, b, 8
skip16:
    and c, x, 0xFF00000000000000
    jnz skip8, c
    shl x, x, 8
    sub b, b, 4
skip8:
    and c, x, 0xF000000000000000
    jnz skip4, c
    shl x, x, 4
    sub b, b, 2
skip4:
    and c, x, 0xC000000000000000
    jnz skip2, c
    shl x, x, 2
    sub b, b, 1
skip2:

    # now we shift x so it's only 12 bits long (the size of our lookup table)
    shr x, x, 52

    # and we store the lookup table value in x
    add x, x, data(lookup_table)
    sub x, x, 2**10
    lbu x, x

    # now we shift x back to the proper size
    shl x, x, b

    # x is now an intial estimate for Newton's method.
    # Since our lookup table is 12 bits, x has at least 6 bits of accuracy
    # So if b <= -2, we're done; else do an iteration of newton
    leq c, b, -2
    jnz end_newton, c
    divu q, r, n, x
    add x, x, q
    shr x, x, 1

    # We now have 12 bits of accuracy; compare b <= 4
    leq c, b, 4
    jnz end_newton, c
    divu q, r, n, x
    add x, x, q
    shr x, x, 1

    # 24 bits, b <= 16
    leq c, b, 16
    jnz end_newton, c
    divu q, r, n, x
    add x, x, q
    shr x, x, 1

    # 48 bits, we're done!

end_newton:

    # x is the (integer) square root of n: test x*x == n
    mulu x, h, x, x
    cmp s, n, x
    halt 0

is_square:
    mov s, 1

not_square:
    halt 0

Puntuación: 27462

Ya era hora de competir en un desafío de GOLF : D

    # First we look at the last 6 bits of the number. These bits must be
    # one of the following:
    #
    #     0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x09, 0x10, 0x11,
    #     0x19, 0x21, 0x24, 0x29, 0x31, 0x39
    #
    # That's 12/64, or a ~80% reduction in composites!
    #
    # Conveniently, a 64 bit number can hold 2**6 binary values. So we can
    # use a single integer as a lookup table, by shifting. After shifting
    # we check if the top bit is set by doing a signed comparison to 0.

    and b, n, 0b111111
    shl v, 0xc840c04048404040, b
    le q, v, 0
    jz no, q
    jz yes, n

    # Hacker's Delight algorithm - Newton-Raphson.
    mov c, 1
    sub x, n, 1
    geu q, x, 2**32-1
    jz skip32, q
    add c, c, 16
    shr x, x, 32
skip32:
    geu q, x, 2**16-1
    jz skip16, q
    add c, c, 8
    shr x, x, 16
skip16:
    geu q, x, 2**8-1
    jz skip8, q
    add c, c, 4
    shr x, x, 8
skip8:
    geu q, x, 2**4-1
    jz skip4, q
    add c, c, 2
    shr x, x, 4
skip4:
    geu q, x, 2**2-1
    add c, c, q

    shl g, 1, c
    shr t, n, c
    add t, t, g
    shr h, t, 1

    leu q, h, g
    jz newton_loop_done, q
newton_loop:
    mov g, h
    divu t, r, n, g
    add t, t, g
    shr h, t, 1
    leu q, h, g
    jnz newton_loop, q
newton_loop_done:

    mulu u, h, g, g
    cmp s, u, n 
    halt 0
yes:
    mov s, 1
no:
    halt 0

Puntuación: 161558 227038 259038 260038 263068

Tomé el algoritmo de raíz cuadrada entera más rápido que pude encontrar y devolví si su resto es cero.

# based on http://www.cc.utah.edu/~nahaj/factoring/isqrt.c.html
# converted to GOLF assembly for http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/49356/testing-if-a-number-is-a-square

# unrolled for speed, original source commented out at bottom
start:
    or u, t, 1 << 62
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope62, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 62
    nope62:

    or u, t, 1 << 60
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope60, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 60
    nope60:

    or u, t, 1 << 58
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope58, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 58
    nope58:

    or u, t, 1 << 56
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope56, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 56
    nope56:

    or u, t, 1 << 54
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope54, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 54
    nope54:

    or u, t, 1 << 52
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope52, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 52
    nope52:

    or u, t, 1 << 50
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope50, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 50
    nope50:

    or u, t, 1 << 48
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope48, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 48
    nope48:

    or u, t, 1 << 46
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope46, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 46
    nope46:

    or u, t, 1 << 44
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope44, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 44
    nope44:

    or u, t, 1 << 42
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope42, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 42
    nope42:

    or u, t, 1 << 40
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope40, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 40
    nope40:

    or u, t, 1 << 38
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope38, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 38
    nope38:

    or u, t, 1 << 36
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope36, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 36
    nope36:

    or u, t, 1 << 34
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope34, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 34
    nope34:

    or u, t, 1 << 32
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope32, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 32
    nope32:

    or u, t, 1 << 30
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope30, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 30
    nope30:

    or u, t, 1 << 28
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope28, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 28
    nope28:

    or u, t, 1 << 26
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope26, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 26
    nope26:

    or u, t, 1 << 24
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope24, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 24
    nope24:

    or u, t, 1 << 22
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope22, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 22
    nope22:

    or u, t, 1 << 20
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope20, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 20
    nope20:

    or u, t, 1 << 18
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope18, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 18
    nope18:

    or u, t, 1 << 16
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope16, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 16
    nope16:

    or u, t, 1 << 14
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope14, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 14
    nope14:

    or u, t, 1 << 12
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope12, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 12
    nope12:

    or u, t, 1 << 10
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope10, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 10
    nope10:

    or u, t, 1 << 8
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope8, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 8
    nope8:

    or u, t, 1 << 6
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope6, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 6
    nope6:

    or u, t, 1 << 4
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope4, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 4
    nope4:

    or u, t, 1 << 2
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope2, v
    sub n, n, u
    or t, t, 1 << 2
    nope2:

    or u, t, 1 << 0
    shr t, t, 1
    gequ v, n, u
    jz nope0, v
    sub n, n, u
    nope0:

end:
    not s, n        # return !remainder
    halt 0


# before unrolling...
#
# start:
#     mov b, 1 << 62  # squaredbit = 01000000...
# loop:               # do {
#     or u, b, t      #   u = squaredbit | root
#     shr t, t, 1     #   root >>= 1
#     gequ v, n, u    #   if remainder >= u:
#     jz nope, v
#     sub n, n, u     #       remainder = remainder - u
#     or t, t, b      #       root = root | squaredbit
# nope:
#     shr b, b, 2     #   squaredbit >>= 2
#     jnz loop, b      # } while (squaredbit > 0)
# end:
#     not s, n        # return !remainder
#     halt 0

EDITAR 1: eliminó la prueba de cuadratura, devuelve el resto directamente, ahorre 3 operaciones por prueba

EDIT 2: usa n como el resto directamente, ahorra 1 operación por prueba

EDITAR 3: simplificó la condición del bucle, ahorre 32 operaciones por prueba

EDIT 4: desenrolla el bucle, ahorra alrededor de 65 operaciones por prueba

Puntuación: 344493

Hace una búsqueda binaria simple dentro del intervalo [1, 4294967296)para aproximarse sqrt(n), luego verifica si nes un cuadrado perfecto.

mov b, 4294967296
mov c, -1

lesser:
    add a, c, 1

start:
    leu k, a, b
    jz end, k

    add c, a, b
    shr c, c, 1

    mulu d, e, c, c

    leu e, d, n
    jnz lesser, e
    mov b, c
    jmp start

end:
    mulu d, e, b, b
    cmp s, d, n

    halt 0