EDITAR: si está utilizando Lisp, he dado algunas pautas en la parte inferior en el conteo de bytes.

Objetivo: realizar la función más corta que divide una cadena en no dígitos y devuelve una matriz que consta de solo dígitos en cada cadena, sin el uso de ninguna expresión regular. Los ceros iniciales se incluirán en cada cadena.

Posiciones actuales (separadas en categorías):

• C / C ++ / C # / Java: 68 (C) ....
• GolfScript / APL / J: 13 (APL)
• Todos los demás: 17 (Bash, usos tr), 24 (Ruby)

Reglas:

(Pido disculpas por la tardanza)

1. El formato debe ser una función con un solo argumento de cadena. Se pueden agregar hasta dos argumentos adicionales si es necesario para el retorno adecuado de la matriz (por ejemplo, sh / csh / DOS Batch necesita una referencia de variable adicional para devolver, etc.).
2. La declaración de función principal no cuenta, y tampoco importa otras bibliotecas estándar. `# include`s,` import`s y `using`s no cuentan. Todo lo demás lo hace. Esto incluye `# define`s y funciones de ayuda. Perdón por la confusion. Consulte esto como una guía útil sobre lo que cuenta / no cuenta (escrito en sintaxis de estilo C)

   // no cuenta para el total, puede omitirse a menos que
   // no obvio, como la mitad de la biblioteca estándar de Java.
   #include <stdio.h>
   
   importar some.builtin.Class // no cuenta, ver arriba
   
   #define printf p // cuenta para el total
   
   / * Cualquier otra directiva de preprocesador, etc. cuenta. * /
   
   int i = 0; // cuenta
   
   someFunction (); // cuenta
   
   char [] [] myMainSplitFunction (char [] [] array) {// no cuenta
     // Todo aquí cuenta
     return returnArray; // Incluso esto cuenta.
   } // no cuenta
   
   / * Todo aquí cuenta, incluida la declaración * /
   char [] [] someHelperFunction (cadena char []) {
     // cosas
   } // incluso esto cuenta
   

3. La salida debe ser una matriz de cadenas o similar (se aceptan listas de matrices en Java y similares). Ejemplos de salida aceptada: String[], char[][], Array, List, y Array(objeto).
4. La matriz debe contener solo primitivas de cadena de longitud variable u objetos de cadena. No deben aparecer cadenas vacías en la devolución, con la excepción a continuación. Nota: las cadenas deben contener una cadena de coincidencias consecutivas, como la entrada y salida de ejemplo a continuación.
5. Si no hay coincidencias, el cuerpo de la función debería devolver null, una matriz / lista vacía, o una matriz / lista que contiene una cadena vacía.
6. No se permiten bibliotecas externas.
7. Las terminaciones de línea de DOS cuentan como un byte, no dos (ya cubiertas en meta, pero deben enfatizarse)
8. Y la regla más importante aquí: no se permiten expresiones regulares.

Esta es una pregunta de código de golf , por lo que gana el tamaño más pequeño. ¡Buena suerte!

Y aquí hay algunos ejemplos de entradas y salidas (con escapes de estilo C):

Entrada: "abc123def456"
Salida: ["123", "456"]

Entrada: "aitew034snk582: 3c"
Salida: ["034", "582", "3"]

Entrada: "as5493tax54 \\ [email protected]"
Salida: ["5493", "54", "430", "52", "9"]

Entrada: "sasprs] tore \" re \\ forz "
Salida: nulo, [], [""] o similar

Indique cuántos bytes utilizan sus respuestas y, como siempre, ¡feliz golf!

Pautas para Lisp

Esto es lo que cuenta y no cuenta en los dialectos de Lisp:

;;; Opción 1

(Defun extract-strings (ab); no cuenta
  (cosas) ;;; Todo aquí cuenta
); No cuenta

;;; opcion 2

(defun extracto-cadenas (cadena y aux (inicio 0) (final 0)); no cuenta
  (cosas) ;;; Todo aquí cuenta
); No cuenta

APL, 13 caracteres

(o 28/30 bytes, lea a continuación)

{⍵⊂⍨⍵∊∊⍕¨⍳10}

Veo que has prohibido GolfScript a tu pregunta. Entiendo su opinión, pero espero que esta comunidad no prohíba eventualmente APL, porque es un lenguaje de programación verdaderamente notable con una larga historia, sin mencionar que es muy divertido codificarlo. Tal vez podría calificarse de manera diferente, si las personas Siento que está compitiendo injustamente. Publicaré mis pensamientos sobre este asunto en ese hilo que has vinculado.

En ese mismo token, siempre agregué una nota al pie de página en mis publicaciones APL, alegando que APL podría puntuarse como 1 char = 1 byte. Mi afirmación se basa en el hecho de que algunas implementaciones APL (en su mayoría comerciales) todavía admiten su propia codificación de un solo byte heredado, con los símbolos APL asignados a los valores superiores de 128 bytes. Pero tal vez esto sea demasiado, en cuyo caso es posible que desee calificar esta entrada como 28 bytes en UTF-16 o 30 bytes en UTF-8.

Explicación

{        ⍳10}  make an array of naturals from 1 to 10
       ⍕¨      convert each number into a string
      ∊        concatenate the strings into one (it doesn't matter that there are two 1s)
    ⍵∊         test which chars from the argument are contained in the digit string
 ⍵⊂⍨           use it to perform a partitioned enclose, which splits the string as needed

Ejemplos

      {⍵⊂⍨⍵∊∊⍕¨⍳10} 'ab5c0x'
 5  0 
      {⍵⊂⍨⍵∊∊⍕¨⍳10}  'z526ks4f.;8]\p'
 526  4  8 

El formato de salida predeterminado para una matriz de cadenas no deja en claro cuántas cadenas hay en la matriz ni cuántos espacios en blanco. Pero una manipulación rápida para agregar citas debería dejarlo lo suficientemente claro:

      {q,⍵,q←'"'}¨ {⍵⊂⍨⍵∊∊⍕¨⍳10} 'ab5c0x'
 "5"  "0" 
      {q,⍵,q←'"'}¨ {⍵⊂⍨⍵∊∊⍕¨⍳10}  'z526ks4f.;8]\p'
 "526"  "4"  "8" 

Python 47

Implementación

f=lambda s:"".join([' ',e][e.isdigit()]for e in s).split()

Manifestación

>>> sample=["abc123def456","aitew034snk582:3c","as5493tax54\\[email protected]","sasprs]tore\"re\\forz"]
>>> [f(data) for data in sample]
[['123', '456'], ['034', '582', '3'], ['5493', '54', '430', '52', '9'], []]

Algoritmo

Convierta cada carácter que no sea un dígito en espacio y luego divida la cadena resultante. Un enfoque simple y claro.

Y una solución divertida con itertools (71 caracteres)

f1=lambda s:[''.join(v)for k,v in __import__("itertools").groupby(s,key=str.isdigit)][::2]

Rubí, 70

f=->(s){s.chars.chunk{|c|c.to_i.to_s==c}.select{|e|e[0]}.transpose[1]}

Versión en línea para probar

Dado que la conversión de cualquier carácter que no sea un dígito a un int devuelve 0 en Ruby (con to_i), la conversión de cada carácter a int y de nuevo a carácter es la forma sin expresión regular de verificar un dígito ...

bash, 26 (contenido de la función: 22 + asignación de matriz sobrecarga 4)

Esto no va a superar la otra bashrespuesta , pero es interesante porque podría hacerte tomar dos veces:

f()(echo ${1//+([!0-9])/ })

El uso es:

$ a=(`f "ab5c0x"`); echo ${a[@]}
5 0
$ a=(`f "z526ks4f.;8]\p"`); echo ${a[@]}
526 4 8
$ 

A primera vista rápida, se //+([!0-9])/parece mucho a una sustitución de expresiones regulares, pero no lo es. Es una expansión de parámetros bash , que sigue las reglas de coincidencia de patrones , en lugar de las reglas de expresión regular.

Devolver tipos de matriz de bash verdaderos de las funciones de bash es una molestia, por lo que elegí devolver una lista delimitada por espacios en su lugar, luego convertirla en una matriz en una asignación de matriz fuera de la llamada a la función. Entonces, en aras de la equidad, creo que la (` `)llamada a la función debería incluirse en mi puntaje.

Mathematica 32

StringCases[#,DigitCharacter..]&

Uso

inps ={"abc123def456", "aitew034snk582:3c", "as5493tax54\\[email protected]", 
        "sasprs]tore\"re\\forz"}  
StringCases[#,DigitCharacter..]&/@inps

{{"123", "456"}, 
 {"034", "582", "3"}, 
 {"5493", "54", "430", "52", "9"}, 
 {}
}

¡El equivalente usando expresiones regulares es mucho más largo !:

StringCases[#, RegularExpression["[0-9]+"]] &

Bash, 21 bytes 17/21 bytes (mejorado por DigitalTrauma )

Construyendo una lista separada por espacios con tr

function split() {
tr -c 0-9 \ <<E
$1
E
}

reemplaza cualquier no dígito por un espacio

Uso

$ for N in $(split 'abc123def456'); do echo $N; done
123
456

Editar

Como señalan los comentarios a continuación, el código se puede reducir a 17 bytes:

function split() (tr -c 0-9 \ <<<$1)

y como el resultado no es estrictamente hablando una matriz Bash, el uso debe ser

a=(`split "abc123def456"`); echo ${a[@]}

y el extra (``)debe contarse

Smalltalk (Smalltalk/X), 81

f := [:s|s asCollectionOfSubCollectionsSeparatedByAnyForWhich:[:ch|ch isDigit not]]

f value:'abc123def456' -> OrderedCollection('123' '456')

f value:'aitew034snk582:3c' -> OrderedCollection('034' '582' '3')

f value:'as5493tax54\[email protected]' -> OrderedCollection('5493' '54' '430' '52' '9')

f value:'sasprs]tore\"re\forz' -> OrderedCollection()

sigh - Smalltalk has a tendency to use veeeery long function names...

R, 81

f=function(x){
s=strsplit(x,"",T)[[1]]
i=s%in%0:9
split(s,c(0,cumsum(!!diff(i))))[c(i[1],!i[1])]
}

The function accepts a string and returns a list of strings.

Examples:

> f("abc123def456")
$`1`
[1] "1" "2" "3"

$`3`
[1] "4" "5" "6"

-

> f("aitew034snk582:3c")
$`1`
[1] "0" "3" "4"

$`3`
[1] "5" "8" "2"

$`5`
[1] "3"

-

> f("as5493tax54\\[email protected]")
$`1`
[1] "5" "4" "9" "3"

$`3`
[1] "5" "4"

$`5`
[1] "4" "3" "0"

$`7`
[1] "5" "2"

$`9`
[1] "9"

-

> f("sasprs]tore\"re\\forz")
$<NA>
NULL

Note: $x is the name of the list element.

Perl, 53

Edit: on no matches, sub now returns list with empty string (instead of empty list) as required.

It also avoids splitting on single space character, as it triggers 'split on any white-space' behavior, which probably violates the rules. I could use / / delimiter, which would split on single space, but paradoxically it would look like using regexp pattern. I could use unpack at the cost of some extra characters and so get rid of split controversy altogether, but I think that, what I finish with, splitting on a literal character (other than space) is OK.

sub f{shift if(@_=split a,pop=~y/0-9/a/csr)[0]eq''and$#_;@_}

And, no, Perl's transliteration operator doesn't do regular expressions. I can unroll 0-9 range to 0123456789 if that's the problem.

C, 68 bytes (only the function's body)

void split (char *s, char **a) {
int c=1;for(;*s;s++)if(isdigit(*s))c?*a++=s:0,c=0;else*s=0,c=1;*a=0;
}

The first argument is the input string, the second one is the output array, which is a NULL-terminated string array. Sufficient memory must be reserved for a before calling the function (worst case: sizeof(char*)*((strlen(s)+1)/2)).

The input string is modified by the function (every non-digit character is replaced by '\0')

Usage example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>

void split (char *s, char **a) {
int c=1;for(;*s;s++)if(isdigit(*s))c?*a++=s:0,c=0;else*s=0,c=1;*a=0;
}   

void dump(char **t) {
    printf("[ ");for(;*t;t++)printf("%s ", *t);printf("]\n");
}   

int main() {
    char **r = malloc(1024);
    char test1[] = "abc123def456";
    char test2[] = "aitew034snk582:3c";
    char test3[] = "as5493tax54\\[email protected]";
    char test4[] = "sasprs]tore\"re\\forz";
    split(test1,r); 
    dump(r);
    split(test2,r); 
    dump(r);
    split(test3,r); 
    dump(r);
    split(test4,r); 
    dump(r);
    return 0;
}

Output

[ 123 456 ]
[ 034 582 3 ]
[ 5493 54 430 52 9 ]
[ ]

Un-golfed version:

void split (char *s, char **a) {
    int c=1; // boolean: the latest examined character is not a digit
    for(;*s;s++) {
        if(isdigit(*s)) {
            if(c) *a++ = s; // stores the address of the beginning of a digit sequence
            c=0;
        } else {
            *s=0; // NULL-terminate the digit sequence
            c=1;
        }   
    }   
    *a = 0; // NULL-terminate the result array
} 

VBScript, 190 (164 without function declaration)

Function f(i)
For x=1 To Len(i)
c=Mid(i,x,1)
If Not IsNumeric(c) Then
Mid(i,x,1)=" "
End If
Next
Do
l=Len(i)
i=Replace(i,"  "," ")
l=l-Len(i)
Loop Until l=0
f=Split(Trim(i)," ")
End Function

While not competitive at all, I'm surprised that VBScript comes out this short on this given how verbose it is (13 bytes for the CRs alone). It loops through the string, replacing any non-numeric characters with spaces, then reduces all the whitespace to single spaces, and then uses a space delimiter to divide it.

Test cases

Input: "ab5c0x"
Output: 5,0

Input: "z526ks4f.;8]\p"
Output: 526,4,8

Common Lisp (1 according to the letter; ≈173 according to the spirit)

Here's a readable version. The byte count is fairly high because of the long names in things like digit-char-p and position-if and vector-push-extend.

(defun extract-numeric-substrings (string &aux (start 0) (end 0) (result (make-array 0 :adjustable t :fill-pointer 0)))
  (loop 
     (unless (and end (setq start (position-if #'digit-char-p string :start end)))
       (return result))
     (setq end (position-if (complement #'digit-char-p) string :start (1+ start)))
     (vector-push-extend (subseq string start end) result)))

(extract-numeric-substrings "abc123def456")
#("123" "456")

(extract-numeric-substrings "aitew034snk582:3c")
#("034" "582" "3")

(extract-numeric-substrings "as5493tax54\\[email protected]")
#("5493" "54" "430" "52" "9")

(extract-numeric-substrings "sasprs]tore\"re\\forz")
#()

The concept of "function declaration" is sort of vague. Here's a version that only has one byte (the character x in the function body); everything else is bundled in to the auxiliary variables of the function's lamba list (part of the function's declaration):

(defun extract-numeric-substrings (string 
                                   &aux (start 0) (end 0) 
                                   (result (make-array 0 :adjustable t :fill-pointer 0))
                                   (x (loop 
                                         (unless (and end (setq start (position-if #'digit-char-p string :start end)))
                                           (return result))
                                         (setq end (position-if (complement #'digit-char-p) string :start (1+ start)))
                                         (vector-push-extend (subseq string start end) result))))
  x)

The actual byte count will depend on how many of auxiliary declarations would have to be moved into the body for this to be deemed acceptable. Some local function renaming would help, too (e.g., shorten position-if since it appears twice, use single letter variables, etc.).

This rendering of the program has 220 characters:

(LOOP(UNLESS(AND END(SETQ START(POSITION-IF #'DIGIT-CHAR-P STRING :START END)))(RETURN RESULT))(SETQ END(POSITION-IF(COMPLEMENT #'DIGIT-CHAR-P)STRING :START(1+ START)))(VECTOR-PUSH-EXTEND(SUBSEQ STRING START END)RESULT))

If nothing else, this should promote Common Lisp's &aux variables.

This can be written more concisely with loop, of course:

(defun extract-numeric-substrings (s &aux (b 0) (e 0) (r (make-array 0 :fill-pointer 0)))
  (loop 
     with d = #'digit-char-p 
     while (and e (setq b (position-if d s :start e)))
     finally (return r)
     do 
       (setq e (position-if-not d s :start (1+ b)))
       (vector-push-extend (subseq s b e) r)))

The loop form, with extra space removed, has 173 characters:

(LOOP WITH D = #'DIGIT-CHAR-P WHILE(AND E(SETQ B(POSITION-IF D S :START E)))FINALLY(RETURN R)DO(SETQ E(POSITION-IF-NOT D S :START(1+ B)))(VECTOR-PUSH-EXTEND(SUBSEQ S B E)R))

JavaScript, 240 bytes

And for those of you who are curious, here's my probably huge golf:

function split(a) { // begin function
function f(c){for(var a=-1,d=9;d--;){var e=c.indexOf(d+"");0
>e||e<a&&(a=e)}return 0<a?a:null}var c=f(a);if(null==c)retur
n null;var d=[];for(i=0;;){a=a.substring(c);d[i]||(d[i]="");
c=f(a);if(null==c)break;d[i]+=a.charAt(c);0<c&&i++}return d;
} // end function

Above in pretty print:

function split(a) {
    function f(c) {
        for (var a = -1, d = 9;d--;) {
            var e = c.indexOf(d + "");
            0 > e || e < a && (a = e);
        }
        return 0 < a ? a : null;
    }
    var c = f(a);
    if (null == c) return null;
    var d = [];
    for (i = 0;;) {
        a = a.substring(c);
        d[i] || (d[i] = "");
        c = f(a);
        if (null == c) break;
        d[i] += a.charAt(c);
        0 < c && i++;
    }
    return d;
}

Above in normal descriptive code

function split(a) {
    function findLoop(string) {
        var lowest = -1;
        var i = 9;
        while (i--) {
            var index = string.indexOf(i + '');
            if (index < 0) continue;
            if (index < lowest) lowest = index;
        }
        return (lowest > 0) ? lowest : null;
    }
    var index = findLoop(a);
    if (index == null) return null;
    var ret = [];
    i = 0;
    for ( ; ; ) {
        a = a.substring(index);
        if (!ret[i]) ret[i] = '';
        index = findLoop(a);
        if (index == null) break;
        ret[i] += a.charAt(index);
        if (index > 0) i++;
    }
    return ret;
}

PHP 134

function f($a){
$i=0;while($i<strlen($a)){!is_numeric($a[$i])&&$a[$i]='-';$i++;}return array_filter(explode('-',$a),function($v){return!empty($v);});
}

C, 158

#define p printf
char s[100],c;int z,i;int main(){while(c=getchar())s[z++]=(c>47&&c<58)*c;p("[");for(;i<z;i++)if(s[i]){p("\"");while(s[i])p("%c",s[i++]);p("\",");}p("]");}

Since C doesnt have array print functions built-in I had to do that work on my own so I apologive that there is a final comma in every output. Essentially what that code does is it reads the string if it is not a digit it replaces it with '\0' and then I just loop through the code and print out all of the chains of digits.(EOF=0)

Input: ab5c0x
Output: ["5","0",]

Input: z526ks4f.;8]\p
Output: ["526","4","8",]

C#, 98

static string[] SplitAtNonDigits(string s)
{
    return new string(s.Select(c=>47<c&c<58?c:',').ToArray()).Split(new[]{','},(StringSplitOptions)1);
}

First, this uses the LINQ .Select() extension method to turn all non-digits into commas. string.Replace() would be preferable, since it returns a string rather than a IEnumerable<char>, but string.Replace() can only take a single char or string and can't make use of a predicate like char.IsDigit() or 47<c&c<58.

As mentioned, .Select() applied to a string returns an IEnumerable<char>, so we need to turn it back into a string by turning it into an array and passing the array into the string constructor.

Finally, we split the string at commas using string.Split(). (StringSplitOptions)1 is a shorter way of saying StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries, which will automatically takes care of multiple consecutive commas and commas at the start/end of the string.

JS/Node : 168 162 147 138 Chars

function n(s){
var r=[];s.split('').reduce(function(p,c){if(!isNaN(parseInt(c))){if(p)r.push([]);r[r.length-1].push(c);return 0;}return 1;},1);return r;
}

Beautified version:

function n(s) {
  var r = [];
  s.split('').reduce(function (p, c) {
    if (!isNaN(parseInt(c))) {
      if (p) {
        r.push([]);
      }
      r[r.length - 1].push(c);
      return 0;
    }
    return 1;
  }, 1);
  return r;
}

Ruby, 24

f=->s{s.tr("
-/:-~",' ').split}

Defines digits using negative space within the printable ascii range.

php, 204

function s($x){$a=str_split($x);$c=-1;$o=array();
for($i= 0;$i<count($a);$i++){if(ord($a[$i])>=48&&ord($a[$i])<=57)
{$c++;$o[$c]=array();}while(ord($a[$i])>=48&&ord($a[$i])<=57)
{array_push($o[$c],$a[$i]);$i++;}}return $o;}

Descriptive Code:

function splitdigits($input){

    $arr = str_split($input);
    $count = -1;
    $output = array();
    for($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++){


    if(ord($arr[$i]) >= 48 && ord($arr[$i]) <= 57){
        $count++;
        $output[$count] = array();
    }

    while(ord($arr[$i]) >= 48 && ord($arr[$i]) <= 57){
        array_push($output[$count], $arr[$i]);
        $i++;
    } 

}

return $output;
}

This is pretty long code and I'm sure there will be a much shorter php version for this code golf. This is what I could come up with in php.

Python

def find_digits(_input_):
    a,b = [], ""
    for i in list(_input_):
        if i.isdigit(): b += i
        else:
            if b != "": a.append(b)
            b = ""
    if b != "": a.append(b)
    return a

Python 104 83

def f(s, o=[], c=""):
    for i in s:
        try:int(i);c+=i
        except:o+=[c];c=""
    return [i for i in o+[c] if i]

@Abhijit answer is far clever, this is just a "minified" version of what i had in mind.

assert f("abc123def456") == ["123", "456"]
assert f("aitew034snk582:3c") == ["034", "582", "3"]
assert f("as5493tax54\\[email protected]") == ["5493", "54", "430", "52", "9"]
assert f("sasprs]tore\"re\\forz") == []

This yields no output, so the code is working, if ran one by one, as some variables are defined at the declaration.

PHP 98 89

As in DigitalTrauma's bash answer, this doesn't use a regex.

function f($x) {
// Only the following line counts:
for($h=$i=0;sscanf(substr("a$x",$h+=$i),"%[^0-9]%[0-9]%n",$j,$s,$i)>1;)$a[]=$s;return@$a;
}

Test cases:

php > echo json_encode(f("abc123def456")), "\n";
["123","456"]
php > echo json_encode(f("aitew034snk582:3c")), "\n";
["034","582","3"]
php > echo json_encode(f("as5493tax54\\[email protected]")), "\n";
["5493","54","430","52","9"]
php > echo json_encode(f("sasprs]tore\"re\\forz")), "\n";
null

Haskell 31

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Data.Char (isDigit)
import Data.Text (split)

f=filter(/="").split(not.isDigit)

It splits the string on all non-numeric characters and removes the empty strings generated by consecutive delimiters.

VBA 210, 181 without function declaration

Function t(s)
Dim o()
For Each c In Split(StrConv(s,64),Chr(0))
d=IsNumeric(c)
If b And d Then
n=n&c
ElseIf d Then:ReDim Preserve o(l):b=1:n=c
ElseIf b Then:b=0:o(l)=n:l=l+1:End If:Next:t=o
End Function

Rebol (66 chars)

remove-each n s: split s complement charset"0123456789"[empty? n]s

Ungolfed and wrapped in function declaration:

f: func [s] [
    remove-each n s: split s complement charset "0123456789" [empty? n]
    s
]

Example code in Rebol console:

>> f "abc123def456"
== ["123" "456"]

>> f "aitew035snk582:3c"
== ["035" "582" "3"]

>> f "as5493tax54\\[email protected]"
== ["5493" "54" "430" "52" "9"]

>> f {sasprs]torer"re\\forz}
== []

JavaScript, 104 97 89

Golfed:

Edit: When the loops walks off the end of the array, c is undefined, which is falsy and terminates the loop.

2/27: Using ?: saves the wordiness of if/else.

function nums(s) {
s+=l='length';r=[''];for(k=i=0;c=s[i];i++)r[k]+=+c+1?c:r[k+=!!r[k][l]]='';
r[l]--;return r
}

The carriage return in the body is for readability and is not part of the solution.

Ungolfed:

The idea is to append each character to the last entry in the array if it is a digit and to ensure the last array entry is a string otherwise.

function nums(s) {
    var i, e, r, c, k;
    k = 0;
    s+='x'; // ensure the input does not end with a digit
    r=[''];
    for (i=0;i<s.length;i++) {
        c=s[i];
        if (+c+1) { // if the current character is a digit, append it to the last entry
            r[k] += c;
        }
        else { // otherwise, add a new entry if the last entry is not blank
            k+=!!r[k].length;
            r[k] = '';
        }
    }
    r.length--; // strip the last entry, known to be blank
    return r;
}

Javascript, 72

function f(a){
 a+=".",b="",c=[];for(i in a)b=+a[i]+1?b+a[i]:b?(c.push(b),""):b;return c
}

Ungolfed

a+=".",b="",c=[];        //add '.' to input so we dont have to check if it ends in a digit
for(i in a)
    b=+a[i]+1?           //check if digit, add to string if it is
        b+a[i]:         
    b?                   //if it wasnt a digit and b contains digits push it
        (c.push(b),""):  //into the array c and clear b
    b;                   //else give me b back
return c

Sample input/output

console.log(f("abc123def456"));
console.log(f("aitew034snk582:3c"));
console.log(f("as5493tax54\\[email protected]"));
console.log(f("sasprs]tore\"re\\forz"));

["123", "456"]
["034", "582", "3"]
["5493", "54", "430", "52", "9"]
[] 

JSFiddle

R 52

This function splits strings by character class (this is not regex! :)) class is N - numeric characters and P{N} means negation of this class. o=T means omit empty substrings.

x
## [1] "wNEKbS0q7hAXRVCF6I4S" "DpqW50YfaDMURB8micYd" "gwSuYstMGi8H7gDAoHJu"
require(stringi)
stri_split_charclass(x,"\\P{N}",o=T)
## [[1]]
## [1] "0" "7" "6" "4"

## [[2]]
## [1] "50" "8" 

## [[3]]
## [1] "8" "7"

PHP 99

<?php

$a = function($s) {
foreach(str_split($s)as$c)$b[]=is_numeric($c)?$c:".";return array_filter(explode('.',implode($b)));
};

var_dump($a("abc123def456"));
var_dump($a("aitew034snk582:3c"));
var_dump($a("as5493tax54\\[email protected]"));
var_dump($a("sasprs]tore\"re\\forz"));

Output

array(2) {
  [3]=>
  string(3) "123"
  [6]=>
  string(3) "456"
}
array(3) {
  [5]=>
  string(3) "034"
  [8]=>
  string(3) "582"
  [9]=>
  string(1) "3"
}
array(5) {
  [2]=>
  string(4) "5493"
  [5]=>
  string(2) "54"
  [6]=>
  string(3) "430"
  [7]=>
  string(2) "52"
  [9]=>
  string(1) "9"
}
array(0) {
}

JavaScript 88

88 chars when not counting function n(x){}

function n(x){
y=[],i=0,z=t=''
while(z=x[i++])t=!isNaN(z)?t+z:t&&y.push(t)?'':t
if(t)y.push(t)
return y
}